What is Noun in hindi and English
आप लोग कई जगह पढ़े होंगे Noun is the name of person place or anything लेकिन यदि आप से पूछा जाय की बताइए ऐसी क्या चीज है जो noun नही है तो हम नहीं बता सकते है की ऐसी क्या चीज है जो noun नही है। इसलिये हमे बताना चाहिए किEvery things is Noun हमारे आस पास उपस्थित प्रत्येक चीज noun हैं।
Noun के प्रकार Kinds of Noun
(a) Common Noun- It is the name given common to every person or a thing of the same kind. It is not a name of any particular person or thing or place. e.g.,
यह प्रत्येक व्यक्ति या एक ही प्रकार की वस्तु को दिया जाने वाला सामान्य नाम है। यह किसी व्यक्ति विशेष या वस्तु या स्थान का नाम नहीं है। जैसे
boy, girl, teacher etc.
(b) Proper Noun- It is the name given to some particular person, thing or place. e.g
यह किसी विशेष व्यक्ति, वस्तु या स्थान को दिया गया नाम है जैसे
Delhi, Sania, India, Jupiter.
(c) Collective Noun- It is the name of a collection of persons and things treated and spoken together as a whole. e.g.,
यह व्यक्तियों और चीजों के संग्रह का नाम है जिसे समग्र रूप से एक साथ माना और बोला जाता है। जैसे,
fleet, audience, class, committee, crowd, mob etc.
(d) Abstract Noun- It is the name of a quality, idea, concept or state. e.g.,
यह एक गुण, विचार, अवधारणा या अवस्था का नाम है। जैसे,
beauty, youth, honesty, death etc.
(e) Material Noun- Such as gold, coal, wheat, tea
जैसे सोना, कोयला, गेहूँ, चाय
Number of a Noun-
(I) Singular Noun
(ii) Plural Noun
Gender of a Noun-
Masculine Gender, Feminine Gender and Neuter Gender
अब हम लोग सिखेगे Noun से संबंधित कुछ जरूरी rule जो की exam में अक्सर पूछा जाता है।
Some Important Rules of Noun
Rule-1
(a) Uncountable Nouns are used in the singular forms
(b) Indefinite article is not used before them.
(c) They are not used with plural verbs.
(d) Much' or Some are used in place of Many' for denoting plurality.
Some of the important Nouns of this kind are-
Advice, information, hair, luggage, business, work, word (in the sense of promise message, discussion) mischief, bread, scenery, abuse, vacation, evidence, employment,alphabet, poetry, food, furniture, baggage, fuel, paper, equipment, machinery, material etc'
(B) These nouns may be used to denote singularity as follows-
(i) a piecc/a word of advice.
(ii) a word of abuse
(iii) an act of mischief.
(iv) a piece of work.
(v) a piece/loaf of bread.
(vi) an article of luggage.
(C) These nouns may be used to denote plurality as follows-
(i) much/some advice.
(ii) a lot of/many words/many pieces of advice.
(iii) two pieces/loaves of bread.
(iv) words of abuse.
Rule-2
There are some of the collective nouns which are used with plural verbs. e.g.
(a) cattle, gentry, peasantry poultry, clergy, people, majority, folk.
(b) The nouns "committee, jury, House, ministry, family, mob, crowd, audience,
police, team, number, board, stàff, public' are used with singular verbs when they are used as a body or group and not as members.
but these nouns denote members or individuals, the verb is used in Plural form e.g.
(i) Cattle are grazing in the field.
(ii) Majority are in favour of this proposal.
(iiii) The committee is unanimous on this issue.
(iv) The committee are divided and there is bitterness among the members.
Rule-3
Offspring, deer, fish, sheep -are expressed as singular or plural only by the use of verb. Both in singular and the plural they have the same form.
(I) Sheep are economically useful.
(ii) A sheep is grazing in the field.
Note: 'Fishes' may be used in the sense of different number and kind.
Rule-4
Some of the nouns (ending in 's' or 'es) are used with singular verb.
(A) Branches of learning. e.g,
Mathematics, Physics, Mechanics, Politics, Statistics, Statics, Economics.
Note: Statistics as subject is used with singular verb. Statistics when taken as a collection of data is used with plural verb.
(B) Diseases. e.g,Mumps, Measles, Rickets etc
(C) Games and sports. e.g,
Billiards, Aquatics, Gymnastics, Athletics etc.
(D) Titles of books. e.g,
Three Musketeers, Gulliver's Travels, Arabian Nights, War and Peace, Tales from Shakespeare.
(E) Descriptive names of countries. e.g.,
United States, United Arab Emirates etc.
(F) Some other nouns are-
Innings, Series, News, Summons, e.g
(i) The measles has broken out in the town.
(ii) Politics is a dirty game.
(iii) These news is disappointing.
(iv) A/The summons has been served on him.
(v) A series of matches.are being played
Rule-5
Some of the nouns are generally used in the plural form with plural verb.
(i) Articles of dress.
Trousers, breeches, Jeans
(ii) Names of instruments.
Scissors, spectacles, shears, scales
(iii) Other nouns such as
Alms, thanks, proceeds, riches, contents, credentials, orders, refreshments, requirements, customs, rations, archives, annals, ashes, arrears, assets, stairs, spirits, statistics (data), quarters, earnings, manners, outskirts, savings, auspices(support), surroundings. e.g.,
(i) My scissors are not sharp.
ii) My spectacles are very costly.
(iii) A pair of spectacles has been bought by me.
(iv) Orders for his transfer have been issued.
Rule-6
A compound noun (numerical+noun) is not used in plural if a noun does the works of an adjective. e.g.
(i) Ten-day tour
(ii) A ten-year old boy
(iii) A five-rupee note
(iv) A ten-mile race
(v) He is ten years old.
(vi) Five-foot long room
Rule-7
Nouns expressing number are used in singular with numerical adjectives.
two hundred, two thousand, five dozen, two score, two million, three lakh.' e.g.
(I) I gave him two hundred rupees.
(ii) I gave him five dozen pencils.
Rule-8
Use of Apostrophe with 's'-
(A) The use of apostrophe with 's' is not correct in the case of non-living things. It is restricted only to living things,
(ii) Boy's hand.
(iii) Time's march.
((iv) A rupee's worth.
(vii) A metre's length.
(ix) A week's holiday journey.
(vi) A night's journey
(vii) Nature's laws
(B) Two nouns in the possessive case denote plural form. But when apostrophe with 's' is used with one noun, it expresses singular form. e.g,
(i) Sheela and Rohit's father.
(ii) Sheela's and Rohit's fathers are meeting today. (fathers of Sheela and Rohit)(the father of both Sheela and Rohit)
(C) With compound nouns apostrophe with 's' should be added only with the last word.
(i) Mother-in-law's behaviour
(ii) Maid-servant's absence
(D) Pronouns are written by omitting apostrophe but 's' is added. e.g.
(i) Yours truly.
(ii) Its colour
(iii) Hers
(iv) It's
(E) Possessive case is indicated by apostrophe without 's' after Plural nouns or words ending with 's'
(i) John Keats' poems.
(ii) Girls Hostel.
(ii) Dickens' novels.
(iv) Jesus' sake
(v) Kalidas' works.
(F) Else' combined with indefinite pronouns (somebody, any body, nobody etc.) is expressed in possessive case as somebody else's in place of somebody's else.
Rule-9
Two adjectives denoting different meanings and qualifying the same noun are plural and are used with plural verbs. e.g.,
(i) Culturał aņd social life in India are changing.
(ii) Summer and winter vacation are compulsory in our schools.
Rule-10
Noun after preposition is repeated in singular form. e.g.
(I) Word for word
(ii) Door to door.
(iii) Hour after hour.
Rule-11
The use of fractions-
(i) One and a half hours are wasted.
(ii) One and a half years are wasted
(iii) An hour and a half is wasted
(iv) A year and a half is wasted.